TOOLKIT FOR ACCESS TO MEDICINES AND DIAGNOSTICS FOR
HIV AIDS, TB AND MALARIA

A working document prepared by WHO Departments, WHO partners in disease control and UNAIDS Secretariat:

•   Essential Drugs and Medicines Policy
•   Blood Safety and Clinical Technology
•   Roll Back Malaria Secretariat (WHO, Geneva)
•   Stop TB Secretariat (WHO, Geneva)
•   Global Drug Facility for TB
•   DOTS-Plus Strategy for MDR-TB
•   HIV AIDS department (WHO, Geneva)
•   UNAIDS Secretariat

      Table of Contents

  GENERAL INFORMATION
•   Essential Medicines
•   HIV AIDS
•   Tuberculosis
•   Malaria

  RATIONAL SELECTION AND USE
•   Essential Medicines
•   HIV AIDS
•   Tuberculosis
•   Malaria

  AFFORDABLE PRICES
•   Essential Medicines
•   HIV AIDS
•   Tuberculosis
•   Malaria

  SUSTAINABLE FINANCING
•   Essential Medicines
•   HIV AIDS
•   Tuberculosis
•   Malaria

  HEALTH AND SUPPLY SYSTEMS
•   Essential Medicines
•   HIV AIDS
•   Tuberculosis
•   Malaria

  DRUG RESISTANCE SURVEILLANCE
•   Essential Medicines
•   HIV AIDS
•   Tuberculosis
•   Malaria

  COUNTRY SUPPORT
•   Essential Medicines
•   HIV AIDS
•   Tuberculosis
•   Malaria

•   Essential Medicines
• WHO Policy Perspectives on Medicines: WHO Medicines Strategy: 2000– 2003, No. 1. December 2000. WHO, Geneva

•   HIV AIDS
• Report on the Global HIV AIDS Epidemic 2002. UNAIDS at Barcelona, 2002.
• Strategic Framework to decrease the Burden of TB/HIV". WHO/CDS/TB/2002.296 and WHO/HIV_AIDS/2002.2. WHO, Geneva.
• Fact Sheet 2002: The Impact of HIV
• AIDS Epidemic Update – December 2001. WHO/UNAIDS 2001

•   Tuberculosis
• Global Plan to Stop TB (2001-2005)
• Global TB Control. WHO Report 2001. WHO/CDS/TB/2001.287. WHO, Geneva
• TB/HIV and Development: Technical Resources
• Prospectus: Global TB Drug Facility: a Global Mechanism to Ensure an Uninterrupted Access to Quality TB Drugs for DOTS implementation. WHO/CDS/STB/2000.10a.
• Brochure: Global TB Drug Facility: What is the Global TB Drug Facility? WHO/CDS/STB/2000.10b.
• Brochure: The DOTS-Plus Strategy for MDR-TB and Green Light Committee: Improving Access to Second-Line Anti-TB Drugs. WHO/CDS/TB/2000.283.
• TB Literature
• TB Literature by Subject

•   Malaria
• WHO Expert Committee on Malaria. 20th Report.2000. WHO TRS 892; WHO Geneva

•   Essential Medicines
• 12th Expert Committee on the Selection and Use of Essential Medicines, 15-19 April 2002.
• WHO Policy Perspectives on Medicines: The Selection of Essential Medicines. No. 4. June 2002. WHO, Geneva.

•   HIV AIDS
• Scaling Up Anti-Retroviral Therapy in Resource-Limited Settings: Guidelines for Public Health Approach. WHO, April 2002.
• Overview of HIV Diagnostic Technologies.
• Guidelines for Using HIV Testing Technologies in Surveillance: Selection, Evaluation, and Implementation/Pautas para aplicar las técnicas de los exámenes de detección del VIH a la vigilancia de la infección: Selección, evaluación y uso. UNAIDS/CDC/USAID/WHO 2001. WHO/CDS/CSR/EDC/2001.16 and UNAIDS/01.22E
• Laboratory Monitoring of ARV Therapy.
• HIV Test Kits Evaluation.
• Guidelines for the Management of Sexually Transmitted Infections. WHO, 2001. WHO/HIV_AIDS/2001.01 and WHO/RHR/01.10
• Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV: Selection and Use of Nevirapine. Technical Notes. WHO/HIV_AIDS/2001.03 and WHO/RHR/01.21.
• Developing HIV AIDS Treatment Guidelines. Geneva, UNAIDS, 1999. UNAIDS Best Practice Collection, May 1999.
• WHO Model Prescribing Information: Drugs Used in HIV-related Illnesses. Geneva, WHO, 1999. WHO/DMP/DSI/99.2.
• Nine Guidance Modules on Antiretroviral Treatments. (Only module 3, 7, 8 and 9 are still recommended) WHO/ASD/98.1, UNAIDS/98.7. UNAIDS/WHO. June 1998.

•   Tuberculosis
• An Expanded DOTS Framework for Effective Tuberculosis Control. WHO/CDS/TB/2002.297.
• DOTS-Plus for Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB)
• DOTS-Plus and the Greenlight Committee.
• Tuberculosis Diagnostics Initiative.
• The Rationale for Recommending Fixed-Dose Combination Tablets for Treatment of Tuberculosis. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 2001, 79 (1).
• Guidelines for Establishing DOTS-Plus Pilot Projects for the Management of MDR-TB. WHO/CDS/TB/2000.279
• Fixed-Dose Combination Tablets for Treatment of Tuberculosis.WHO/CDS/CPC/TB/99.267
• Treatment of Tuberculosis: Guidelines for National Tuberculosis Programmes. WHO/TB/97.220

•   Malaria
• New Diagnosis Tests for Malaria.
• Diagnosis of Malaria. Management of Severe Malaria, a Practical Handbook.
• Malaria Diagnosis. Management of Uncomplicated Malaria and the Use of Antimalarial Drugs. Ch2.
• Malaria Diagnosis New Perspectives.
• Prevention of Malaria in Pregnancy. Experts Committee report on Malaria - Ch 12.2.6.
• The Use of Antimalarial Drugs, Report of a WHO Informal Consultation, WHO, Geneva, November 2000.
• Antimalarial Drug Combination Therapy, Report of a WHO Technical Consultation, April 2001.

•   Essential Medicines
• WHO Fact Sheet: International price information services - What is WHO Doing to Improve Drug Price Information? August 2002.
• Market News Service. Pharmaceutical Starting Materials/Essential Drugs Report. Geneva, WTO/UNCTAD/International Trade Centre in Collaboration with WHO. Published monthly.
• International Drug Price Indicator Guide on finished products of essential drugs. Management Sciences for Health in Collaboration with WHO. Published annually.
• Report of the Workshop on Differential Pricing and Financingof Essential Drugs, World Health Organization and World Trade Organization Secretariats, Norwegian Foreign Affairs Ministry, Global Health Council, 8-11 April 2001, Høsbjør, Norway.
• Network for Monitoring the Impact of Globalization and TRIPS on Access to Medicines. Health Economics and Drugs. EDM Series No.11. WHO/EDM/PAR/2002.1.
• Implications of the Doha Declaration on the TRIPS Agreement and Public Health. Health Economics and Drugs. EDM Series No. 12. WHO/EDM/PAR/2002.3. June 2002.
• WHO Policy Perspectives on Medicines: Globalization, TRIPS and Access to Pharmaceuticals. No. 3. March 2001 revised. WHO, Geneva.
• Globalization and Access to Drugs: Perspectives on WTO/TRIPS Agreement. Health Economics and Drugs; DAP series No. 7, Revised. WHO, Geneva, 1998. WHO/DAP/98.9.

•   HIV AIDS
• Sources and Prices of Selected Drugs and Diagnostics for People Living With HIV AIDS. Joint Project of UNAIDS/UNICEF/WHO-HTP/MSF, May 2002. WHO/EDM/PAR/2002.2.
• Patent Situation of HIV AIDS-related Drugs in 80 countries. Geneva, WHO-EDM/UNAIDS, January 2000.
• Manual for Use of a Cost-Effectiveness Tool for Evaluating Anti-Retroviral Drug and Substitute Feeding Interventions to Prevent Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV. Version 1. Health Strategies International, prepared for UNAIDS, December 1999.

•   Tuberculosis
• Drugs currently available from GDF: First-line anti-tuberculosis drugs, formulations and prices currently supplied/to be supplied by GDF.
• Laing R O, McGoldrick K. Tuberculosis Drug Issues: Prices, Fixed Dose Combination Products and Second Line Drugs. 26 February 2000.

•   Malaria
• Procurement of Artemether-Lumefantrine (Coartem®) Through WHO. WHO 2002.

•   Essential Medicines
• Health Reform and Drug Financing. Selected Topics. Health Economics and Drugs DAP Series No. 6. WHO/DAP/98.3.

•   HIV AIDS
• Fact Sheet 2002: Meeting the Need. UNAIDS, 2002.
• Paying for HIV AIDS Services: Lessons from National Health Accounts and Community-Based Health Insurance in Rwanda, 1998 – 1999. UNAIDS Case Study. September 2001. UNAIDS Best Practice Collection.
• Guidelines for Studies of the Social and Economic Impact of HIV AIDS. September 2000. UNAIDS Best Practice Collection.

•   Tuberculosis
• WHO Report 2002. Global Tuberculosis Control: Surveillance, Planning, Financing.
• What is the GDF?

•   Malaria
• Lessons from Cost-Recovery in Health. Discussion Paper N2. Forum on Health Sector Reform. A.Creese and J.Kutzin. WHO/SHS/NHP/95.5.
• Applying Planned Market Logic to Developing Countries' Health Systems: an Initial Exploration. Discussion Paper N4. Forum on Health Sector Reform. Richard Saltman. WHO/SHS/95.7.

•   Essential Medicines
• Managing Drug Supply, 2nd Edition. Management Sciences for Health, in Collaboration with WHO. Boston, Kumarian Press, 1997.
• Operational Principles for Good Pharmaceutical Procurement (Interagency document). WHO, Geneva, 1999. WHO/EDM/PAR/99.5.
• Guidelines for Drug Donations (Interagency document). Revised 1999. WHO, Geneva, 1999. WHO/EDM/PAR/99.4.
• Guidelines for Safe Disposal of Unwanted Pharmaceuticals in and after Emergencies (Interagency document). Geneva, WHO, 1999. WHO/EDM/PAR/99.2.
• Indicators for Monitoring National Drug Policies: a Practical Manual. Second edition. WHO/EDM/PAR/99.3.
• Collaboration Between NGOs, Ministries of Health and WHO in Drug Distribution and Supply. DAP Research Series No. 27. WHO/DAP/98.12.
• How to Estimate Warehouse Space for Drugs? WHO/DAP/93.3

•   HIV AIDS
• Fact Sheet 2002: Accelerating Access to Treatment and Care. UNAIDS 2002.
• Three Million HIV AIDS Sufferers Could Receive Anti-Retroviral Therapy by 2005. New Hope for Those in Developing World. WHO Press Release 58, 2002
• Quality Assurance of HIV AIDS Drugs: Pilot Procurement, Quality and Sourcing Project, including the list of suppliers whose evaluated products are recommended by WHO as being acceptable in principle for procurement by UN Agencies.
• HIV Test Kits Bulk Procurement Scheme.
• Quality Assurance of HIV Testing.
• Report of the Meeting on the Evaluation of the UNAIDS HIV Drug Access Initiative. May 2000.
• Key Elements in HIV AIDS Care and Support. Geneva, WHO/UNAIDS. A working document, December 2000.
• Voluntary Counselling and Testing for HIV Infection in Antenatal Care. Practical Considerations for Implementation. HIV AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Infections Initiative. WHO, Geneva. January 2000.

•   Tuberculosis
• Drugs currently available from GDF: First-line anti-tuberculosis drugs, formulations and prices currently supplied/to be supplied by GDF.
• Procurement of Second-Line Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs for DOTS-Plus Pilot Projects.
• TB Specimen Bank.
• Involving Private Practitioners in Tuberculosis Control: Issues, Interventions and Emerging Policy Framework. WHO/CDS/TB/2001.285.WHO 2001.
• Policy Research and Development. Research into Health Policy, Systems and Services: TB/HIV.
• Policy Research and Development. Research into Health Policy, Systems and Services: Community Care for Tuberculosis.
• Policy Research and Development. Research into Health Policy, Systems and Services: DOTS-Plus for Multi-Drug Resistant

•   Malaria
• Addressing Malaria Sector-Wide: Improving Co-ordination and Management of External support. A background paper for the Fourth RBM Global Partners Meeting, 18-19 April 2001, Washington DC. Working Draft for Discussion 13 April 2001. Malaria Consortium, April 2001.

•   HIV AIDS
• General
• Anti-Retroviral Drug Resistance Surveillance and Containment Guidelines
• Monitoring the Emergence of Antiretroviral Resistance. Report of a WHO Consultation organized in collaboration with Istituto di Sanità and the International AIDS Society. Rome, Italy 10-11 October 2000. WHO/CDS/CSR/DRS/2001.11

•   Tuberculosis
• General
• Anti-Tuberculosis Drug Resistance Surveillance Guidelines
• Anti-tuberculosis Drug Resistance in the World. Report no. 2: Prevalence and Trends. WHO/CDS/TB/2000.278
• Guidelines for Surveillance of Drug Resistance in Tuberculosis. WHO and the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease. WHO/TB/1996/216.
• Surveillance of Drug Resistance in Tuberculosis (SDRTB3) Software. A software designed to assist the process of collection and analysis of data on drug resistance in tuberculosis. More information about this software and how to obtain it from our web site.

•   Malaria
• General
• Antimalarial Drug Resistance - Guidelines for Surveillance and Containment

•   Essential Medicines
• How to develop and implement a national drug policy, second edition, 2001. Updates and replaces guidelines for developing national drug policies, 1998, WHO .

•   HIV AIDS
• Fact sheet 2002. UNAIDS 2002: Regional Round-up:
• Sub-Saharan Africa
• Asia and the Pacific
• Latin America and the Caribbean
• Eastern Europe and Central Asia
• High Income countries
• Middle East and North Africa
• Procedure manual and indicators for rapid assessment of in-country access to HIV AIDS-related drugs. UNAIDS/EDM. June 2000. (in print).

•   Tuberculosis
• Country Profiles for 22 of the high TB-burden countries in the world.
  
• Global DOTS expansion plan. Progress in TB control in high-burden countries, 2001. One year after the Amsterdam Ministerial Conference. WHO, Geneva. WHO/CDS/STB/2001.11.

•   Malaria
• Informal Meeting for the Preparation of a Strategic Plan for Capacity Development for Roll Back Malaria (RBM) World Health Organization, , 17-20 July 2000.
• WHO malaria training materials. A listing of all relevant malaria training materials which are available from WHO - unless otherwise indicated.
• Informal Consultation: Training on “Rolling Back WHO, Geneva Switzerland.
• Malaria: a manual for community health workers.